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Udemy線上課程 秦朝政治體系詳述（The political system of Qin dynasty） 講師:Beiming Liu 影音教學 中文發音 中文版(DVD版)

內容說明:
秦時期是中國社會由分裂走向統一的時期。
春秋戰國時期，中國社會長期分裂，諸侯割據，戰亂不已。
秦自孝公、商鞅變法後，採用法家主張，修明法度，獎勵耕戰，鼓吹暴力，嚴刑峻罰，強化社會組織。
依靠這條路線,秦國日益富強,最後由秦始皇統一了中國，為統一的多民族國家的形成，為中國社會經濟文化的進步與發展，創造了有利的條件。
秦時期是中國中央集權封建專制帝國初步建立並不斷髮展鞏固的時期。
秦始皇統一中國後，為了鞏固地主階級的統治，在全國範圍內廢除了西周以來的分封制，推行由中央統轄的郡縣制，確立了專制主義中央集權的國家制度。
在這一重大改革中，皇權得到了極大的加強，最終形成以皇權為中心的封建專制制度。
國家最高統治者號稱“皇帝”，擁有至高無上的權威，他的命令就是法律，被稱為“制”和“詔”，全國一切政事都由皇帝個人獨斷。
這時期的各種政治制度也逐漸建立和健全起來。
隨著統一後疆域的擴大，特別是出於對廣大人民統治的需要，行政事務日益增多和複雜，從而建立起一套嚴密的官僚機構。
中央的三公九卿制度和地方的郡、縣、鄉、亭、裏等行政機構，都是在這一時期建立和逐漸完備的。
秦時期地主階級土地所有制已經完全確立，地主階級政權加強了對廣大農民的壓迫和剝削，貧富懸殊日益擴大，從而使地主階級與農民階級這一封建社會的主要矛盾日益突出和尖銳，終於導致了兩次反抗封建統治階級的農民大起義。
如何鞏固地主階級政權，防止農民運動的再起便成為封建統治者面臨的重大問題。
由於秦王朝的暴政、急政和農民起義的長期戰亂。
如何恢復和發展生產以蘇民困，成為擺在統治者面前的重要任務。
如何從政治上、思想上鞏固封建帝國的統一，也是統治者十分關心的問題。
The Qin Dynasty was a period when China society moved from division to unity. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, China's society was divided for a long time, the vassal regime was divided, and the war was endless. After Qin Zi filial piety and Shang Yang's political reform, he adopted legalist ideas, revised statutes, rewarded farming, advocated violence, imposed severe punishments and strengthened social organizations. Relying on this route, the State of Qin became increasingly prosperous, and finally China was unified by Qin Shihuang, which created favorable conditions for the formation of a unified multi-ethnic country and the social, economic and cultural progress and development of China.
The Qin Dynasty was a period when China's centralized feudal autocratic empire was initially established and continuously developed and consolidated. After Qin Shihuang unified China, in order to consolidate the rule of the landlord class, the enfeoffment system since the Western Zhou Dynasty was abolished nationwide, and the county system under the jurisdiction of the central government was implemented, thus establishing a centralized national system of absolutism. During this major reform, the imperial power was greatly strengthened, and finally a feudal autocratic system centered on the imperial power was formed.
The supreme ruler of the country is called the "emperor" and has supreme authority. His orders are laws, which are called "regulations" and "imperial edicts". All political affairs in the country are arbitrary by the emperor himself. During this period, various political systems were gradually established and improved. With the expansion of the territory after reunification, especially for the needs of the rule of the broad masses of people, administrative affairs are increasing and complicated, thus establishing a strict bureaucracy. During this period, the central system of "three publics and nine ministers" and local administrative institutions such as counties, counties, townships, pavilions and villages were established and gradually perfected.
During the Qin Dynasty, the land ownership of the landlord class was completely established, and the landlord class regime strengthened the oppression and exploitation of the peasants, and the disparity between the rich and the poor widened day by day, which made the main contradiction between the landlord class and the peasant class, a feudal society, increasingly prominent and sharp, and finally led to two peasant uprisings against the feudal ruling class.
How to consolidate the political power of the landlord class and prevent the resurgence of the peasant movement has become a major problem faced by feudal rulers. Due to the tyranny, emergency and long-term war of peasant uprising in Qin dynasty. How to restore and develop production in Su Min has become an important task for the rulers. How to consolidate the unity of the feudal empire politically and ideologically is also a matter of great concern to the rulers.
課程內容:
01 - 介紹（introduce）
001 -Political-system-of-Qin-dynasty.docx
001 介紹秦朝政治制度（Introduce the political system of Qin dynasty）.mp4

02 - 秦朝統一的歷史背景（The Historical Background of the Unification of Qin Dynasty）
001 秦朝統一的歷史背景（The Historical Background of the Unification of Qin Dynasty）.mp4

03 - 秦朝的政治制度（The political system of Qin dynasty）
001 秦朝的政治制度（The political system of Qin dynasty）.mp4
002 中央集權制度和法律體系（Centralization of authority and the legal system）.mp4

04 - 秦朝政治制度的影響（The influence of the political system in Qin dynasty）
001 從正反兩個方面評價秦朝政治體系（Evaluate from both positive and negative aspects）.mp4


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